ENERPAC - Industrial Tools Page 412
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Valve Information Ways The (oil) ports on a valve. A 3-way valve has 3 ports: pressure (P), tank (T), and cylinder (A). A 4-way valve has 4 ports: pressure (P), tank (T), advance (A) and retract (B). Directional Control Valves 3-Way Valves 4-Way Valves are used with singleacting cylinders are used with doubleacting cylinders Single-acting cylinders require at least a 3-way valve, and can, under certain instances, be operated with a 4-way valve. Double-acting cylinders require a 4-way valve, providing control of the flow to each cylinder port. Positions The number of control points a valve can provide. A 2-position valve has the ability to control only the advance or retraction of the cylinder. To be able to control the cylinder with a hold position, the valve requires a 3rd position. Valves may be either pump mounted or remote mounted. Pump Mounted Remote Mounted Valves may be either manually or solenoid operated. Manually Operated Solenoid Operated Center Configuration The center position of a valve is the position at which there is no movement required of the hydraulic component, whether a tool or cylinder. The most common is the Tandem Center. This PT configuration provides for little to no movement of the cylinder and the unloading of the pump. This provides for minimum heat build-up. A AB The next most common is the Closed Center PT configuration, which is used mostly for independent control of multicylinder applications. This configuration again provides for little to no movement of the cylinder, but also dead-heads the pump, isolating it from the circuit. Use of this type of valve may require some means of unloading the pump to prevent heat build-up. There are many more types of valves, such as Open Center and Float Center. These valves are used mostly in complex hydraulic circuits and require other special considerations. AB AB PT PT Open Center Float Center 410 Advance Hold Retract Single-acting cylinder Double-acting cylinder Controlled by a 3-way, 3-position valve. Controlled by a 4-way, 3-position valve. Advance The oil flows from the pump pressure port P to the cylinder port A: the cylinder plunger will extend. P T The oil flows from the pump pressure B port P to the cylinder port A, and from cylinder port B to tank T: the cylinder plunger will extend. P Hold A The oil flows from the pump pressure port P to the tank T. The cylinder port A is closed: the cylinder plunger will maintain its position. P T The oil flows from the pump port P and cylinder port A to the tank T: the cylinder plunger will retract. P T T Hold A The oil flows from the pump B pressure port P to the tank T. The cylinder ports A and B are closed: the cylinder plunger will maintain position. P Retract A Advance A A T Retract A The oil flows from the pump B pressure port P to cylinder port B, and from cylinder port A to tank T: the cylinder plunger will retract. P T www.enerpac.com
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