fischer fixing-systems main-catalogue Page 655
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Basic knowledge of fastening technology Failure modes. If there is excessive stress, incorrect installation or a substrate with inadequate load bearing capacity, the following types of failure can occur. N Steel failure tension V Steel failure shear N N Pull out Combined failure Steel failure: Pull out failure: Combined failure: · Insufficient steel stength for the applied load · Friction failure and or adhesion failure due to high load or incorrect installation · Pull out · Concrete failure near the surface V N V 16 Concrete cone failure Pry-out failure Concrete splitting failure Concrete edge failure Anchor base failure: Anchor base splitting: · Tensile load “N” or shear load “V” too high · Inadequate strength of anchor base · Insufficient embedment depth · Insufficient component dimensions · Deviation from the spacing and edge distances · Excessive expansion pressure Expert tip · In most anchor approvals/assessments, the anchoring of predominately static loads is regulated. However, there are also approvals which regulate non-static loads (fatigue loads, e. g. FHB dyn). · Seismic loads for post-installed anchors are regulated in Europe according to the Eurocode 1992-4 and the testing of the product for the seismic services is carried out with a European Technical Assessment ETA. The seismic performance of an anchor system is described according to performance categories in C1 and C2. In the American methods according to ACI-318-14 these categories do not exist for the seismic case, the testing of the product is always carried out according to an ICC-ESR in concrete for the earthquake case without dividing the product into categories. Classification in accordance with C1 and C2 is not necessary). The performance category and the characteristic values are found in the respective ETA (e. g. FAZ II, FH II, FIS SB, FIS EM Plus...). · The main causes for anchor failure are overloading, incorrect installation or an insufficient load bearing anchoring base. 655
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